Studies suggest that IBS might be a low level autoimmune disease. Bowel dysmotility is believed to be caused by autoimmunity or inflammation. There are higher levels of GnRH IgM antibodies in patients with IBS and dysmotility. IBS patients also tend to have higher levels of C-reactive protein, a biomarker of micro inflammation.
Many believe IBS to be caused by a bacterial dysbiosis, either in the colon or the small intestine as in the case of SIBO.
Klebsiella Pneumoniae is a common bacterial pathogen found in Ankylosing Spondylitis, an inflammatory disease that attacks the spine. Pathogens are bacteria that can cause infection. Klebsiella also appears in about 25% of Crohn's Disease.
There is a strong link between Klebsiella, Crohn's Disease, Inflammatory bowel disease and Ankylosing Spondylitis. Klebsiella is believed to be the cause of Ankylosing Spondylitis.
Klebsiella is an opportunistic bacteria that grows on dietary starch. This bacteria produces a carbohydrate degrading enzyme that breaks down starch. This enzyme mimics an antigen called HLA-B27. The body's immune system not only sees the Klebsiella as a foreign invader but also the body's own proteins such as collagen, which closely resemble this enzyme. In the case of Ankylosing Spondylitis the immune system attacks its own tissues, causing arthritis.
The cure for Ankylosing Spondylitis, Crohn's Disease and Inflammatory bowel disease is believed to involve a low starch diet.
These diseases are relevant to IBS because IBS is also considered to be a low level autoimmune disease. Klebsiella pneumoniae is found in high percentages of SIBO as well as IBS.
Starch in the diet
Man-made starch isn't a healthy food. Carbohydrates are made up of (mostly) indigestible fibre and (mostly) digestible starch. Foods highest in starch are typically man made: grain foods like pasta, all breads and all flours. Potatoes have the highest starch out of the vegetables. Sweet potato also has starch, but not as much. Corn is technically a grain, and has some starch and carrots and beans also have smaller amounts.
Fibrous vegetables are largely indigestible and these include leafy vegetables like lettuce and spinach and cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cauliflower.
Most carbohydrate digestion takes place in the small intestine through the action of enzymes in the villi of the small intestine wall. Some starches resist digestion (resistant starch) and escape into the colon undigested. Fibre is generally undigested however colonic bacteria can produce enzymes that break down the cellulose to simple sugars which are then fermented to create short chain fatty acids that can then be absorbed. So some calories in fibre can be digested.
Fibrous vegetables are made up of cells. They have much less carbohydrate density than flour, an accelular food. Our gastrointestinal tract wasn't designed to digest such a large, dry concentration of sugars. Up to 20% of starch escapes digestion and travels to the colon to feed bacteria, causing a lot of gas as it does so.
Lipopolysaccarides
Lipopolysaccarides levels increase after eating starch. Lipopolysaccarides are endotoxins found in negative gram bacteria and these cause strong immune responses which can lead to inflammation. Gram negative bacteria figures highly in obesity, and most obesity is believed to be caused by refined starches rather than fats.
Probiotics
Probiotics claim to replenish the "good bacteria" and to reduce flatulence but a lot depends on what is causing the flatulence in the first place. Carbohydrates are generally digested in the small intestine. The better they're digested the less food residue will be in the colon to feed bacteria. Opportunistic bacteria feeds on starch, not on fibre. Our digestive systems didn't evolve to digest heavy concentrations of carbohydrate. Digestive enzymes were designed to digest cellular food with a high water content, e.g. vegetables. Many believe IBS stems from carbohydrate malabsorption. 30 grams of unabsorbed carbohydrate can produce 10 litres of hydrogen gas. How are probiotics going to solve the problem of undigested food residue? It's the action of the bacteria on the undigested food that will cause the gas. Adding more bacteria to the mix isn't going to do much. The answer is to not malabsorb your food in the first place. An ancestral diet of meat, fish and fibrous vegetables will help to eradicate bad bacteria.
Fibre
IBS has different levels of severity and many people with IBS can't tolerate too much fibre. This is because the colon has become hypersensitive due to chronic inflammation. The irritable bowel wasn't caused by fibrous vegetables, which we were designed to eat, but was due to our diet of refined starch causing gastrointestinal distress, which in turn meant that eventually other more wholesome foods can't be tolerated either. Fibre might be a tougher problem for IBS-D than IBS-C or gas-predominant IBS because of the higher existing inflammation. If this is the case, vegetables might need to be boiled for longer or mashed. Low starch vegetables are necessary for healing.
Starch exists in some vegetables, but most calories from starch in a typical diet are usually from manufactured foods made from flour. Klebsiella is only one pathogen in the gut out of many. Not a great deal is known about colonic bacteria in general. If you think you might have a starch intolerance it's probable that the underlying reason is due to the growth of pathogenic bacteria of some sort. A low starch diet is an easy test to see if symptoms improve.
Does Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Dysmotility have an autoimmune origin?
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3271243/
The link between Ankylosing Spondilitis, Crohns Disease, Klebsiella and starch consumption
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3678459/
Comparison with ancestral diets
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3402009/
Many believe IBS to be caused by a bacterial dysbiosis, either in the colon or the small intestine as in the case of SIBO.
Klebsiella Pneumoniae is a common bacterial pathogen found in Ankylosing Spondylitis, an inflammatory disease that attacks the spine. Pathogens are bacteria that can cause infection. Klebsiella also appears in about 25% of Crohn's Disease.
There is a strong link between Klebsiella, Crohn's Disease, Inflammatory bowel disease and Ankylosing Spondylitis. Klebsiella is believed to be the cause of Ankylosing Spondylitis.
Klebsiella is an opportunistic bacteria that grows on dietary starch. This bacteria produces a carbohydrate degrading enzyme that breaks down starch. This enzyme mimics an antigen called HLA-B27. The body's immune system not only sees the Klebsiella as a foreign invader but also the body's own proteins such as collagen, which closely resemble this enzyme. In the case of Ankylosing Spondylitis the immune system attacks its own tissues, causing arthritis.
The cure for Ankylosing Spondylitis, Crohn's Disease and Inflammatory bowel disease is believed to involve a low starch diet.
These diseases are relevant to IBS because IBS is also considered to be a low level autoimmune disease. Klebsiella pneumoniae is found in high percentages of SIBO as well as IBS.
Starch in the diet
Man-made starch isn't a healthy food. Carbohydrates are made up of (mostly) indigestible fibre and (mostly) digestible starch. Foods highest in starch are typically man made: grain foods like pasta, all breads and all flours. Potatoes have the highest starch out of the vegetables. Sweet potato also has starch, but not as much. Corn is technically a grain, and has some starch and carrots and beans also have smaller amounts.
Fibrous vegetables are largely indigestible and these include leafy vegetables like lettuce and spinach and cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cauliflower.
Most carbohydrate digestion takes place in the small intestine through the action of enzymes in the villi of the small intestine wall. Some starches resist digestion (resistant starch) and escape into the colon undigested. Fibre is generally undigested however colonic bacteria can produce enzymes that break down the cellulose to simple sugars which are then fermented to create short chain fatty acids that can then be absorbed. So some calories in fibre can be digested.
Fibrous vegetables are made up of cells. They have much less carbohydrate density than flour, an accelular food. Our gastrointestinal tract wasn't designed to digest such a large, dry concentration of sugars. Up to 20% of starch escapes digestion and travels to the colon to feed bacteria, causing a lot of gas as it does so.
Lipopolysaccarides
Lipopolysaccarides levels increase after eating starch. Lipopolysaccarides are endotoxins found in negative gram bacteria and these cause strong immune responses which can lead to inflammation. Gram negative bacteria figures highly in obesity, and most obesity is believed to be caused by refined starches rather than fats.
Probiotics
Probiotics claim to replenish the "good bacteria" and to reduce flatulence but a lot depends on what is causing the flatulence in the first place. Carbohydrates are generally digested in the small intestine. The better they're digested the less food residue will be in the colon to feed bacteria. Opportunistic bacteria feeds on starch, not on fibre. Our digestive systems didn't evolve to digest heavy concentrations of carbohydrate. Digestive enzymes were designed to digest cellular food with a high water content, e.g. vegetables. Many believe IBS stems from carbohydrate malabsorption. 30 grams of unabsorbed carbohydrate can produce 10 litres of hydrogen gas. How are probiotics going to solve the problem of undigested food residue? It's the action of the bacteria on the undigested food that will cause the gas. Adding more bacteria to the mix isn't going to do much. The answer is to not malabsorb your food in the first place. An ancestral diet of meat, fish and fibrous vegetables will help to eradicate bad bacteria.
Fibre
IBS has different levels of severity and many people with IBS can't tolerate too much fibre. This is because the colon has become hypersensitive due to chronic inflammation. The irritable bowel wasn't caused by fibrous vegetables, which we were designed to eat, but was due to our diet of refined starch causing gastrointestinal distress, which in turn meant that eventually other more wholesome foods can't be tolerated either. Fibre might be a tougher problem for IBS-D than IBS-C or gas-predominant IBS because of the higher existing inflammation. If this is the case, vegetables might need to be boiled for longer or mashed. Low starch vegetables are necessary for healing.
Starch exists in some vegetables, but most calories from starch in a typical diet are usually from manufactured foods made from flour. Klebsiella is only one pathogen in the gut out of many. Not a great deal is known about colonic bacteria in general. If you think you might have a starch intolerance it's probable that the underlying reason is due to the growth of pathogenic bacteria of some sort. A low starch diet is an easy test to see if symptoms improve.
Does Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Dysmotility have an autoimmune origin?
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3271243/
The link between Ankylosing Spondilitis, Crohns Disease, Klebsiella and starch consumption
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3678459/
Comparison with ancestral diets
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3402009/